Modern Microsoft operating systems support multiple Windows file systems, including FAT16, FAT32, NTFS and ReFS. Each of these file systems has its own unique capabilities and use cases. Show Despite their age, some of the older Windows file systems still have value in certain IT-related situations. FAT16FAT16, which was initially known simply as FAT, can trace its roots back to the 1970s. FAT is an acronym for File Allocation Table and the 16 indicates a 16-bit file system. The file system was initially developed for use on floppy disks, but it also worked for hard disks when that hardware was available. Because FAT16 was created so long ago, it has inherent limitations that make it largely unsuitable for use on modern operating systems. As a 16-bit file system, FAT16 can map a maximum of 65,526 clusters. Like most Windows file systems, FAT16 supports a variety of cluster sizes, allowing it to be used on hard disks that are as small as 16 MB or as large as 2 GB. A later revision to the file system allowed it to support volumes up to 4 GB. The earliest SD card products were routinely formatted with the FAT16 file system due to its support across Windows, Mac, Linux and OS/2 operating systems. FAT32The FAT32 file system was introduced in Windows 95 OEM Service Release 2, which was widely known at the time as Windows 95 OSR2. The FAT32 file system offered two main improvements over FAT16. First, FAT32, being a 32-bit file system, supports much larger disks than the FAT16 file system. FAT16 supports a maximum volume size of 4 GB, while FAT32 can be used on volumes up to 16 TB. It is worth noting that even though the FAT32 file system can be used on multi-terabyte volumes, the 16 TB limit exceeds the capabilities of some Windows operating systems. For example, Windows XP imposed a maximum FAT32 volume size of 32 GB. The Windows XP, Vista, ME and 2000 versions of the Disk Management console also limited FAT32 volumes to a maximum of 32 GB. More modern Windows operating systems such as Windows 10 support a FAT32 volume up to 2 TB in size, which still fall well short of the 16 TB maximum volume size. The second major improvement of the FAT32 file system is support for long filenames. The FAT16 file system requires filenames to adhere to the 8.3 naming convention, meaning filenames are limited to eight characters followed by a period and a three-character extension. In contrast, FAT32 allows filenames up to 255 characters long. One of the primary limitations of the FAT32 file system is that the maximum file size on a FAT32 volume is 4 GB. Most modern SD cards come formatted with FAT32, which is why consumer devices such as GoPro cameras split video recordings into 4 GB files. Due to its flexibility and wide support on multiple operating systems, FAT32 is often the file system of choice for troubleshooting flash drives provided by vendors. NTFSNT File System arrived in Windows NT in 1993 but is also supported by subsequent versions of Windows such as Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows 7, Windows 8 and Windows 10. NTFS is the most widely used file system on Windows Server and on Windows desktop systems. Unlike FAT16 and FAT32, NTFS is a journaling file system. Transactions are logged to a file system journal, which makes it possible to use Windows file utilities such as CHKDSK to repair data corruption and return the file system to a consistent state. One of the primary design goals behind the creation of NTFS was to improve file system security. Early on, only Windows NT could read a disk formatted with NTFS, which could stop an attacker even if they had physical access to the disk. However, today, every supported Windows operating system can read NTFS disks. Microsoft added another security improvement in NTFS through support for NT File System permissions. The company updated NTFS in Windows 2000 to include file system-level encryption, which Microsoft refers to as EFS, or the Encrypting File System. EFS uses symmetric multikey encryption to protect file system contents. NTFS capacity limitations have evolved considerably over the years. The Windows NT version of the file system could theoretically handle disks up to 256 TB and individual files up to 16 TB. In contrast, the version of NTFS in Windows 10 can be used on volumes up to 8 PB in size. ReFSReFS stands for Resilient File System. It debuted in Windows Server 2012. Microsoft designed this file system to be the next-generation replacement for NTFS; although, technically, ReFS is based on NTFS. ReFS uses integrity streams and allocate-on-write technology to preserve the data stored on the volume. ReFS also performs proactive error correction by using a built-in scrubber to check for data corruption and fix it automatically. Microsoft developed a tool called ReFSUtil to assist with recovering data from damaged ReFS-formatted volumes that also copies found files to another disk. ReFS also brings a huge increase in capacity over NTFS. The file system has a theoretical volume size limit of 1 yottabyte -- or, approximately, 1 trillion TB -- with a maximum file size of 16 exabytes, which equals about 16 million TB. In its initial release, ReFS lacked some of the most widely used NTFS features, including native encryption and deduplication. However, data deduplication was added to ReFS in Windows Server version 1709. Even so, ReFS still lacks quite a few of the features in NTFS, including file system compression and file system encryption and it cannot be used to boot a drive.
 Sistem Berkas FATSaya kutip dari Wikipedia, sistem berkas FAT yaitu sebuah sistem berkas yang memakai struktur tabel alokasi berkas sebagai cara dirinya beroprasi. FAT sendiri yaitu abreviasi dari File Allocation Table dan kalau di terjemahkan dalam Bahasa Indonesia menjadi Tabel Alokasi Berkas. Sistem FAT pertama kali dikembagkan pada tahun 1976-1977 oleh Bill Gates dan Marc McDonald. Sistem berkas FAT sendiri ada beberapa macam jenisnya, yang akan aku bahas yaitu FAT12, FAT16, dan FAT 32. Berikut penjabaranya:1. FAT12FAT12 yaitu sistem berkas yang mempunyai batas hanya hingga 12-bit dan hanya sanggup meyimpan maksimal 212 alokasi saja atau kalau dihitung alhasil yaitu 4096 aloksi. FAT12 pertama kali dipakai pada sistem operasi MS-DOS. Karena FAT12 kapasits maksimalnya hanya 32 Megabyte maka FAT12 biasanya hanya dipakai untuk Floppy Disk saja.2 .FAT16FAT16 yaitu sistem berkas yang unit alokasinya mempunyai batas hingga 16-bit dan berkapasitas maksimal 4 Gigabyte. Unit alokasi yang sanggup disimpan oleh FAT16 yaitu 216 atau kalau dihitung alhasil yaitu 65536 unit. Penggunaan sistem berkas FAT16 tergantung ukuran pada partisi yang akan diformat. Jika ukuranya dibawah 16 Megabyte maka Windows otomatis akan menciptakan partisinya berformat FAT12 dan kalau ukuranya lebih dari 16 Megabyte maka partisinya akan berformat FAT16.3. FAT32Sistem berkas FAT32 merupakan sistem berkas yang paling gres yang diperkenalkan pada dikala Microsoft merilis Windows 95 OEM Service Release 2 (Windows 95 OSR2). FAT32 yaitu sistem berkas yang unit alokasinya mempunyai batas 32-bit yaitu 232 unit atau kalau dihitung bisa mengalamati hingga 4294967296 unit alokasi. Walaupun begitu dalam implementasinya jumlah yang sanggup dialamati oleh FAT32 hanya 228 unit alokasi atau kalau dihitung menjadi 268435456 unit alokasi. Kapasitas unit alokasi maksimum sanggup mencapai 32768 byte (64 sektor) sehingga secara teoritis sanggup menampung hingga 8 Terrabytes (8192 Gigabytes). Walaupun begitu sistem operasi Windows NT 5.0 keatas hanya memperbolehkan pembuatan partisi FAT32 hingga 32 Gigabyte saja, kalau partisinya berukuran lebih besar dri 32 Gigabyte keatas maka Windows hanya menyediakan sistem berkas NTFS saja.Sistem Berkas NTFSNTFS atau New Technology File System merupakan sistem berkas yang dikembangkan oleh Microsoft dan dimasukan dalam sistem operasi Windows mulai dari Windows NT dan generasi selajutnya hingga Windows 10. Sistem berkas NTFS mempunyai desain yang sederhana tetapi mempunyai keunggulan dibandiing dengan sistem berkas yang lain dimana NTFS lebih kondusif dengan fitur enkripsi dan toleransi terhadap kesalahan. Fitur-fitur dasar sistem berkas NTFS pada umumnya sama dengan sistem berkas lainya menyerupai directory caching, directory hashing, penggunaan atribut berkas, dan juga penggunaan atribut direktori. Sistem berkas NTFS juga sudah dikembangkan sedemikian rupa sehingga mempunyai kemampuan yang mahir dalam hal kinerjanya khusunya pada ukuran volume yang besar tetapi tetap gampang dalam penggunaanya. Salah satu keunggulan sistem berkas NTFS dibandingkan sistem berkas lain menyerupai FAT yaitu NTFS bersifat extensible (dapat diperluas) dengan menambahkan fungsi yang gres dalam sistem operasi tanpa harus merombak desain secara keseluruhan.Beberapa Fitur NTFS
Beberapa Versi NTFS
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