Show 27 Pendidikan Agama Hindu dan Budi Pekerti Suci Veda dan susastra Hindu lainnya. Kegiatan Utsawa Dharmagita ini selalu dilaksanakan di sekolah dan di masyarakat yang bertujuan: a. menyampaikan sabda suci Sang Hyang Widhi; b. melestarikan ajaran Veda; c. membentuk generasi muda Hindu yang terampil membaca kitab suci Veda; d. meningkatkan rasa bhakti kepada Sang Hyang Widhi; e. mengekspresikan rasa keindahan; f. mengembangkan seni dan budaya Hindu; dan g. sebagai media untuk melestarikan Agama Hindu. Dharmagita sering juga disebut sebagai lagu-lagu rohani atau lagu ketuhanan Hindu. Dalam praktik keagamaan umat Hindu tidak dapat dipisahkan dengan Dharmagita yang bisa menggugah rasa religiusitas, menggetarkan hati nurani untuk senantiasa tetap dalam keadaan suci. Dengan demikian, panca indra dapat dikuasai dan dikendalikan. Selain Gita atau nyanyian ketuhanan, pada setiap kegiatan umat Hindu selalu diiringi oleh Panca Gita, yaitu: 1. suara mantra Puja Pandita atau Pinandita; 2. suara Bajra atau Genta Pandita atau Pinandita; 3. suara gong; 4. suara kulkul atau kentongan; dan 5. suara kidung wargasari. C. Mantra dan Sloka sebagai Penyelamat Umat ManusiaSebagaimana tujuan diturunkannya Veda yang disebut mantra dan sloka, yaitu untuk memberikan tuntunan bagi umat manusia agar dapat mencapai hidup sejahtera dan terhindar dari bencana. Hakikatnya adalah, mantra dan sloka berfungsi sebagai penyelamat umat manusia. Perhatikan Veda Vakya pembuka bab ini. Di dalam Veda Vakya, disebutkan bahwa umat manusia wajib memuja Krisna sebagai avatara atau kepribadian Brahman walaupun kematian datang menjemput. Dalam mantra berikutnya, dijelaskan bahwa Krisna selalu melindungi mereka yang memuja-Nya dan memberikan apa yang dikehendaki oleh para pemuja-Nya. Dalam sebuah kisah, jika para bhakta selalu memuja Krisna dengan lagu-lagu pujian dengan tulus kepada Krisna, maka Krisna memberikan keselamatan kepada mereka yang tulus memuji. Lagu-lagu pujian yang dilantunkan dengan benar, diiringi dengan musik akan sampai ke alam Deva dan mampu menggugah para Deva untuk mengabulkan permintaan mereka yang melakukan puja-puji dengan mantra. Dalam Kitab Mahabharata juga disebutkan di bagian akhir, siapa yang mengucapkan mantra-mantra yang ada di dalam Veda, akan terhindar hidupnya dari bencana. Bukan itu saja, mereka yang mendengar sloka- 28 Kelas VII SMP sloka suci Veda dan membaca mantra atau sloka suci Veda juga akan mendapatkan pahala surga setelah mati. Bukan itu saja, para pemuja Tuhan akan mendapatkan keselamatan dan kesejahteraan di dalam kehidupannya. Pesan dari Mahabharata inilah, maka dalam setiap kegiatan keagamaan baik yang berskala rumah tangga maupun umum berupa kegiatan masanti atau membaca mantra dan sloka suci Veda ini selalu diadakan. Tujuannya jelas, agar masyarakat semakin mengetahui dan mamahami ajaran suci Veda sehingga dapat melaksanakan dengan baik. Menurut Veda, mantra dan sloka mempunyai fungsi untuk menyelamatkan manusia dari ancaman mara bahaya atau bencana yang datangnya sering tiba-tiba. Dengan mengucapkan mantra atau sloka yang dimaksud secara benar dan penuh keyakinan, niscaya akan terhindar dari kecelakaan atau bencana yang mengintai. Ada beberapa contoh pedoman sloka khusus untuk tujuan kebahagiaan dan keselamatan, antara lain: 1. Sloka untuk kebahagiaan “Niyatam kuru karma tvam Karma jyāyo hyakarmanah Sarīra-yātrāpi ca te na prasidhyed akarmanah” Terjemahan Lakukanlah kegiatan yang diperuntukkan bagimu, karena kegiatan kerja lebih baik daripada tanpa kegiatan; dan memelihara kehidupan isik sekalipun tidak dapat dilakukan tanpa kegiatan kerja. Bhagavadgita III. 8 2. Sloka yang berfungsi agar terhindar dari bencana alam Saha-yajñāh prajāh srstvā Puro Vācaprajāpatih Anena Prasavisyadhvan Esa vo stv ista-kāma-dhuk. Terjemahan Pada zaman dahulu kala Prajapati menciptakan manusia dengan Yajna dan bersabda dengan ini engkau akan berkembang dan akan menjadi kamadhuk dari keinginanmu. Bhagavadgita III. 10 29 Pendidikan Agama Hindu dan Budi PekertiD. Pengertian dan Jenis-Jenis Dharmagita
सहयज्ञा: प्रजा: सृष्ट्वा पुरोवाच प्रजापति: |
saha-yajñāḥ prajāḥ sṛiṣhṭvā purovācha prajāpatiḥ
saha-yajnah prajah srishtva purovacha prajapatih
BG 3.10: In the beginning of creation, Brahma created humankind along with duties, and said, “Prosper in the performance of these yajñas (sacrifices), for they shall bestow upon you all you wish to achieve.”
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न कर्मणामनारम्भान्नैष्कर्म्यं पुरुषोऽश्नुते |
na karmaṇām anārambhān naiṣhkarmyaṁ puruṣho ’śhnute
na karmanam anarambhan naishkarmyam purusho ’shnute
BG 3.4: One cannot achieve freedom from karmic reactions by merely abstaining from work, nor can one attain perfection of knowledge by mere physical renunciation.
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न हि कश्चित्क्षणमपि जातु तिष्ठत्यकर्मकृत् |
na hi kaśhchit kṣhaṇam api jātu tiṣhṭhatyakarma-kṛit
na hi kashchit kshanam api jatu tishthatyakarma-krit
BG 3.5: There is no one who can remain without action even for a moment. Indeed, all beings are compelled to act by their qualities born of material nature (the three guṇas).
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कर्मेन्द्रियाणि संयम्य य आस्ते मनसा स्मरन् |
karmendriyāṇi sanyamya ya āste manasā smaran
karmendriyani sanyamya ya aste manasa smaran
BG 3.6: Those who restrain the external organs of action, while continuing to dwell on sense objects in the mind, certainly delude themselves and are to be called hypocrites.
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यस्त्विन्द्रियाणि मनसा नियम्यारभतेऽर्जुन |
yas tvindriyāṇi manasā niyamyārabhate ’rjuna
yas tvindriyani manasa niyamyarabhate ’rjuna
BG 3.7: But those karm yogis who control their knowledge senses with the mind, O Arjun, and engage the working senses in working without attachment, are certainly superior.
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नियतं कुरु कर्म त्वं कर्म ज्यायो ह्यकर्मण: |
niyataṁ kuru karma tvaṁ karma jyāyo hyakarmaṇaḥ
niyatam kuru karma tvam karma jyayo hyakarmanah
BG 3.8: You should thus perform your prescribed Vedic duties, since action is superior to inaction. By ceasing activity, even your bodily maintenance will not be possible.
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नैव तस्य कृतेनार्थो नाकृतेनेह कश्चन |
naiva tasya kṛitenārtho nākṛiteneha kaśhchana
naiva tasya kritenartho nakriteneha kashchana
BG 3.18: Such self-realized souls have nothing to gain or lose either in discharging or renouncing their duties. Nor do they need to depend on other living beings to fulfill their self-interest.
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देवान्भावयतानेन ते देवा भावयन्तु व: |
devān bhāvayatānena te devā bhāvayantu vaḥ
devan bhavayatanena te deva bhavayantu vah
BG 3.11: By your sacrifices, the celestial gods will be pleased, and by cooperation between humans and the celestial gods, great prosperity will reign for all.
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इष्टान्भोगान्हि वो देवा दास्यन्ते यज्ञभाविता: |
iṣhṭān bhogān hi vo devā dāsyante yajña-bhāvitāḥ
ishtan bhogan hi vo deva dasyante yajna-bhavitah
BG 3.12: The celestial gods, being satisfied by the performance of sacrifice, will grant you all the desired necessities of life. But those who enjoy what is given to them, without making offerings in return, are verily thieves.
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यज्ञशिष्टाशिन: सन्तो मुच्यन्ते सर्वकिल्बिषै: |
yajña-śhiṣhṭāśhinaḥ santo muchyante sarva-kilbiṣhaiḥ
yajna-shishtashinah santo muchyante sarva-kilbishaih
BG 3.13: The spiritually-minded, who eat food that is first offered in sacrifice, are released from all kinds of sin. Others, who cook food for their own enjoyment, verily eat only sin.
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अन्नाद्भवन्ति भूतानि पर्जन्यादन्नसम्भव: |
annād bhavanti bhūtāni parjanyād anna-sambhavaḥ
annad bhavanti bhutani parjanyad anna-sambhavah
BG 3.14: All living beings subsist on food, and food is produced by rains. Rains come from the performance of sacrifice, and sacrifice is produced by the performance of prescribed duties.
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कर्म ब्रह्मोद्भवं विद्धि ब्रह्माक्षरसमुद्भवम् |
karma brahmodbhavaṁ viddhi brahmākṣhara-samudbhavam
karma brahmodbhavam viddhi brahmakshara-samudbhavam
BG 3.15: The duties for human beings are described in the Vedas, and the Vedas are manifested by God Himself. Therefore, the all-pervading Lord is eternally present in acts of sacrifice.
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एवं प्रवर्तितं चक्रं नानुवर्तयतीह य: |
evaṁ pravartitaṁ chakraṁ nānuvartayatīha yaḥ
evam pravartitam chakram nanuvartayatiha yah
BG 3.16: O Parth, those who do not accept their responsibility in the cycle of sacrifice established by the Vedas are sinful. They live only for the delight of their senses; indeed their lives are in vain.
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यस्त्वात्मरतिरेव स्यादात्मतृप्तश्च मानव: |
yas tvātma-ratir eva syād ātma-tṛiptaśh cha mānavaḥ
yas tvatma-ratir eva syad atma-triptash cha manavah
BG 3.17: But those who rejoice in the self, who are illumined and fully satisfied in the self, for them, there is no duty.
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तस्मादसक्त: सततं कार्यं कर्म समाचर |
tasmād asaktaḥ satataṁ kāryaṁ karma samāchara
tasmad asaktah satatam karyam karma samachara
BG 3.19: Therefore, giving up attachment, perform actions as a matter of duty because by working without being attached to the fruits, one attains the Supreme.
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यज्ञार्थात्कर्मणोऽन्यत्र लोकोऽयं कर्मबन्धन: |
yajñārthāt karmaṇo ’nyatra loko ’yaṁ karma-bandhanaḥ
yajnarthat karmano ’nyatra loko ’yam karma-bandhanah
BG 3.9: Work must be done as a yajna to the Supreme Lord; otherwise, work causes bondage in this material world. Therefore, O son of Kunti, for the satisfaction of God, perform your prescribed duties, without being attached to the results.
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प्रकृतेर्गुणसम्मूढा: सज्जन्ते गुणकर्मसु |
prakṛiter guṇa-sammūḍhāḥ sajjante guṇa-karmasu
prakriter guna-sammudhah sajjante guna-karmasu
BG 3.29: Those who are deluded by the operation of the guṇas become attached to the results of their actions. But the wise who understand these truths should not unsettle such ignorant people who know very little. Page 18
कर्मणैव हि संसिद्धिमास्थिता जनकादय: |लोकसंग्रहमेवापि सम्पश्यन्कर्तुमर्हसि || 20||यद्यदाचरति श्रेष्ठस्तत्तदेवेतरो जन: | स यत्प्रमाणं कुरुते लोकस्तदनुवर्तते || 21||
karmaṇaiva hi sansiddhim āsthitā janakādayaḥloka-saṅgraham evāpi sampaśhyan kartum arhasiyad yad ācharati śhreṣhṭhas tat tad evetaro janaḥ sa yat pramāṇaṁ kurute lokas tad anuvartate
karmanaiva hi sansiddhim asthita janakadayahloka-sangraham evapi sampashyan kartum arhasiyad yad acharati shreshthas tat tad evetaro janah sa yat pramanam kurute lokas tad anuvartate
BG 3.20-21: By performing their prescribed duties, King Janak and others attained perfection. You should also perform your duties to set an example for the good of the world. Whatever actions great persons perform, common people follow. Whatever standards they set, all the world pursues. Page 19
कर्मणैव हि संसिद्धिमास्थिता जनकादय: |लोकसंग्रहमेवापि सम्पश्यन्कर्तुमर्हसि || 20||यद्यदाचरति श्रेष्ठस्तत्तदेवेतरो जन: | स यत्प्रमाणं कुरुते लोकस्तदनुवर्तते || 21||
karmaṇaiva hi sansiddhim āsthitā janakādayaḥloka-saṅgraham evāpi sampaśhyan kartum arhasiyad yad ācharati śhreṣhṭhas tat tad evetaro janaḥ sa yat pramāṇaṁ kurute lokas tad anuvartate
karmanaiva hi sansiddhim asthita janakadayahloka-sangraham evapi sampashyan kartum arhasiyad yad acharati shreshthas tat tad evetaro janah sa yat pramanam kurute lokas tad anuvartate
BG 3.20-21: By performing their prescribed duties, King Janak and others attained perfection. You should also perform your duties to set an example for the good of the world. Whatever actions great persons perform, common people follow. Whatever standards they set, all the world pursues. Page 20
न मे पार्थास्ति कर्तव्यं त्रिषु लोकेषु किञ्चन |
na me pārthāsti kartavyaṁ triṣhu lokeṣhu kiñchana
na me parthasti kartavyam trishu lokeshu kinchana
BG 3.22: There is no duty for Me to do in all the three worlds, O Parth, nor do I have anything to gain or attain. Yet, I am engaged in prescribed duties.
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यदि ह्यहं न वर्तेयं जातु कर्मण्यतन्द्रित: |
yadi hyahaṁ na varteyaṁ jātu karmaṇyatandritaḥ
yadi hyaham na varteyam jatu karmanyatandritah
BG 3.23: For if I did not carefully perform the prescribed duties, O Parth, all men would follow My path in all respects.
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उत्सीदेयुरिमे लोका न कुर्यां कर्म चेदहम् |
utsīdeyur ime lokā na kuryāṁ karma ched aham
utsideyur ime loka na kuryam karma ched aham
BG 3.24: If I ceased to perform prescribed actions, all these worlds would perish. I would be responsible for the pandemonium that would prevail, and would thereby destroy the peace of the human race.
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सक्ता: कर्मण्यविद्वांसो यथा कुर्वन्ति भारत |
saktāḥ karmaṇyavidvānso yathā kurvanti bhārata
saktah karmanyavidvanso yatha kurvanti bharata
BG 3.25: As ignorant people perform their duties with attachment to the results, O scion of Bharat, so should the wise act without attachment, for the sake of leading people on the right path.
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न बुद्धिभेदं जनयेदज्ञानां कर्मसङ्गिनाम् |
na buddhi-bhedaṁ janayed ajñānāṁ karma-saṅginām
na buddhi-bhedam janayed ajnanam karma-sanginam
BG 3.26: The wise should not create discord in the intellects of ignorant people, who are attached to fruitive actions, by inducing them to stop work. Rather, by performing their duties in an enlightened manner, they should inspire the ignorant also to do their prescribed duties.
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प्रकृते: क्रियमाणानि गुणै: कर्माणि सर्वश: |
prakṛiteḥ kriyamāṇāni guṇaiḥ karmāṇi sarvaśhaḥ
prakriteh kriyamanani gunaih karmani sarvashah
BG 3.27: All activities are carried out by the three modes of material nature. But in ignorance, the soul, deluded by false identification with the body, thinks of itself as the doer.
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तत्त्ववित्तु महाबाहो गुणकर्मविभागयो: |
tattva-vit tu mahā-bāho guṇa-karma-vibhāgayoḥ
tattva-vit tu maha-baho guna-karma-vibhagayoh
BG 3.28: O mighty-armed Arjun, illumined persons distinguish the soul as distinct from guṇas and karmas. They perceive that it is only the guṇas (in the shape of the senses, mind, and others) that move among the guṇas (in the shape of the objects of perception), and thus they do not get entangled in them. |